TRADITIONAL FILE ORIENTED APPROACH
TRADITIONAL FILE-ORIENTED APPROACH File A file is a collection of records, which are related to each other. The file size is limited by the size of memory and storage medium. There are two important features of file: 1. File Activity 2. File Volatility File activity defines the percent of actual records which proceed in a single run. File volatility de…
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Data Processing in DBMS
DATA PROCESSING Converting raw data into meaningful information in a database system. Stages of data processing in DBMS: 1. Data Collection / Input From various sources like user input, sensors, online forms, scripts, or APIs etc. Input data à raw and unorganized. 2. Data Storage · Stored:- structured format, ex. tables (in relational DBMS) or other …
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Introduction of DBMS
Introduction of DBMS Databases and database systems are an essential part of our everyday life. For example, they facilitate depositing and withdrawing money from a bank, making hotel, airline, or railway reservations, accessing computerized libraries, and purchasing items from supermarkets, among others. We can store and access information in textual, nu…
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PHP Functions
PHP Functions A function is a code or statement block in a program. Perform some specific tasks. Used repeatedly in a program. Not execute automatically when a page loads. Executed by a call to the function. The name must start with a letter or an underscore, and NOT case-sensitive. Take information’s as a parameter, executes a block of statements, or perf…
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PHP Operators
PHP Operators PHP Operator is a symbol that performs operations on operands. In simple words, operators are used to performing operations on variables or values. Operands are used to store or hold value. Operators Categories operators can be categorized into four categories according to operands − Unary prefix operators , which use a single operand. Binary …
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