INTRODUCTION OF INPUT AND OUTPUT UNITS

 INTRODUCTION OF  INPUT AND OUTPUT UNITS

 ·       Interacts with the external environment.

·       Provide the input of data and instructions into the computer and the output of processed data back to the user or another system.

 

 INPUT UNITS

·       Input units are devices used to provide data and control signals to a computer.

·       Convert human-readable data into a form that the computer can process.

 

Common input devices include:

 

1. Keyboard:

·       The most common input device.

·       It allows users to input text and commands into the computer by pressing keys.

 

2. Mouse:

A pointing device that allows users to interact with the computer's graphical user interface (GUI) by moving a cursor on the screen and selecting objects.

 

3. Scanner:

Convert physical documents and images into digital form that can be stored, edited, and processed by the computer.

 

4. Microphone:

Captures audio input, allowing users to input sound and voice commands.

 

5. Touchscreen:

Combine the functions of display and input by allowing users to interact with the computer by touching the screen directly.

 

6. Camera:

Capture still images and video, providing visual input to the computer.

 

7. Joystick and Game Controllers:

Used primarily for gaming and provide input through buttons, triggers, and directional controls.

 

--------------------

 

OUTPUT UNITS

Convey or show the results of processed data from the computer to the user or another device.

Convert computer-readable data into a human-readable form.

 

Common output devices include:

 

1. Monitor:

Primary output device, displaying text, images, and videos.

Essential for visual feedback and interaction with the computer.

 

2. Printer:

 Produce a hard copy of digital documents and images, outputting data on paper.

 

3. Speakers & Headphones:

Provide audio output, allowing the computer to produce sound and music.

 

4. Projector:

Display computer output on a larger screen or surface, useful for presentations and group viewing.

 

 Role in Computer Organization

Communication between the computer system and its external environment. Here’s how they integrate into the system:

 

1. Input-Output Interface:

Manages communication between the computer and input-output devices.

It converts signals from input devices into a format the computer can understand and vice versa for output devices.

 

2. I/O Controllers:

A specialized hardware componentsà manage data exchange between the CPU and peripheral devicesà ensure efficient and error-free data transfer.

 

3. I/O Ports:

physical connectors on the computerà where input and output devices are plugged in.

Common ports àUSB, HDMI, and audio jacks.

 

4. Device Drivers:

 Software programs enable the operating system to communicate with hardware devices. Each input-output device requires a corresponding driver to function correctly.

 

 Importance

 

Input-output units are crucial for the functionality of a computer system because they:

 

1. Facilitate User Interaction:

   - Allow users to interact with the computer, inputting data and receiving feedback.

 

2. Expand Functionality:

   - Enable the computer to perform a wide range of tasks by connecting various peripheral devices.

 

3. Improve Accessibility:

   - Provide different ways for users to input and receive information, catering to various needs and preferences.

 

---------------------------------------------------------------------